![]() Mexico is among the lower performing OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries in reading, mathematics and science ()Įthnic differences in MMSE scores have been reported. Most of the previously mentioned data come from studies carried out in developed countries which have a higher mean of formal years of education. Nevertheless, the overall discriminant validity for the detection of any cognitive disorder in PD is similar for the MoCA test and the MMSE (Hoops et al., 2009)). Several studies have consistently shown that the MoCA is a more sensitive instrument for the detection of PD-MCI compared to the MMSE (Zadikoff et al., 2008). More recently, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test has been recommended as a better screening tool in PD (Nasreddine et al., 2005 Chou et al., 2010).ĭespite the lack of an optimal screening cutoff score for PD-MCI in the MoCA, a score of 26 or less has been proven to provide a sensitivity and negative predictive value above 80%, with a specificity ranging from 52% to 75%. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al., 1975) remains the most commonly used screening instrument for global cognition, even though it has not been specifically validated for use in PD subjects (Litvan et al., 2012). Few screening instruments have been validated or developed to evaluate global cognition in PD. ![]() It has been suggested that an ideal cognitive screening instrument in PD should be brief, evaluate a range of cognitive domains, be simple to administer, sensitive to the initial stage of cognitive impairment and unaffected by motor impairment (Nazem et al., 2009). Neuropsychological testing is the current gold standard for assessing cognition, but it is time consuming and many clinicians lack access to such assessments. As a consequence, accurate cognitive assessment and classification are very relevant. Poor quality of life, increased caregiver burden and a shorter life expectancy have also been associated with cognitive impairment in PD subject (Marras et al., 2008 Forsaa et al., 2010). Recognition of early cognitive impairment in PD is important since it represents a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) and psychosis. The long-term cumulative prevalence of dementia in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been reported to be as high as 80% (Aarsland et al.,2003), while mild cognitive impairment (MCI) occurs in 20-30% of PD subjects (Caviness et al.,2007 Muslimovic et al.,2005). Results from our analysis could be directly applied to other populations with a high proportion of poorly educated subjects.Ĭognitive impairment, Mini Mental Status Examination, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Parkinson’s disease. Forty-one percent of subjects with a normal MMSE were classified with cognitive impairment by MoCA. Fifty-five percent were classified with cognitive impairment according to the MoCA. The MMSE and MoCA were applied to 128 subjects using a cut-off score of 26 points for cognitive impairment. The objective of the study is to compare the performance between the MMSE and the MoCA to screen for mild cognitive impairment in subjects with Parkinson’s disease and a low education background. Most of these studies have been done in countries with a highly-educated population. More recently, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test has been recommended as a better screening tool in PD. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) remains the most commonly used screening instrument for global cognition, even though it has not been specifically validated for use in PD subjects. You may also do a search and find the SLUMs on the internet if you have the time and wish to do so.Recognition of early cognitive impairment in Parkinson´s disease (PD) is important since it represents a risk factor for developing Parkinson’s disease dementia and psychosis. Therefore I am providing the SLUMs test at a very low price and did the search for you if you are in a rush to administer the test quickly in either English or Spanish. Used to be free to administer, but now requires a $125.00 certification fee. Note: The SLUMS test is similar to the MOCA cognitive test however the MOCA Mild neurocognitive disorder 21-26 HS Educ. Normal 27-30 High School Education 25-30 Less than H.S Educ. ![]() ![]() Great for speech pathologists working in medical settings such as hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, outpatient, virtual, and home health settings. It also includes instructions on how to administer it. This PDF includes both English and Spanish. Dementia refers to a group of chronic disorders that includes Alzheimer's disease. The test evaluates memory, attention, executive function, and more. The Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) test is an assessment tool for dementia and mild cognitive impairment. ![]()
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